Indoor hydrants and fire extinguishers are important firefighting facilities in buildings. They play a key role in the initial fire fighting. Reasonable determination of the configuration distance between the two can ensure that when a fire occurs, personnel can quickly obtain and use these firefighting equipment, effectively control the spread of fire, and protect the safety of life and property.
The layout of indoor hydrants should ensure that the full water column of two water guns on the same floor of each fire compartment can reach any part at the same time. The configuration of fire extinguishers should be determined according to factors such as the fire hazard level and the type of place. Generally, the number of fire extinguishers in each calculation unit is not less than 2, and should not be more than 5. At the same time, fire extinguishers should be set in obvious and easy-to-access locations, and should not affect safe evacuation.
The configuration distance between indoor hydrants and fire extinguishers is different in places with different fire hazard levels. For example, in places with severe hazard levels, such as large shopping malls, theaters, and other places with dense crowds and more combustibles, the fire spreads quickly and the fire is fierce. The configuration distance between fire hydrants and fire extinguishers is required to be relatively small so that fire extinguishing operations can be carried out quickly in the early stage of the fire. Generally speaking, the distance between fire hydrants should not be greater than 30m, and the maximum protection distance of fire extinguishers is usually about 15m. In places with light hazard levels, such as residential buildings and office buildings, the fire load is relatively small and the fire develops relatively slowly. The configuration spacing can be appropriately increased, the fire hydrant spacing can be relaxed to about 50m, and the maximum protection distance of fire extinguishers can reach about 25m.
Different types of places also have different requirements for the configuration spacing of fire hydrants and fire extinguishers. In industrial buildings, due to the different nature of production and storage items, the fire hazards vary. For Class A and Class B factory buildings, the configuration spacing of fire hydrants and fire extinguishers must be strictly implemented in accordance with the specifications to ensure that the fire can be controlled in time when a fire occurs and prevent the fire from expanding. In civil buildings, such as schools, hospitals and other crowded places, in addition to meeting the spacing required by the specifications, the convenience of personnel evacuation should also be considered, and fire hydrants and fire extinguishers should be set in locations that are easy to find and use, usually near evacuation passages and stairwells.
The layout of the building is also an important factor in determining the configuration spacing. For rooms with regular shapes and small areas, fire hydrants and fire extinguishers can be reasonably arranged according to the size and function of the room, generally ensuring that the distance from any point in the room to the nearest fire hydrant or fire extinguisher does not exceed the prescribed protection distance. For large comprehensive buildings, such as commercial complexes and office buildings, due to the large building area and complex functional divisions, it is necessary to combine factors such as fire partitions, smoke partitions, and evacuation routes to determine the location and spacing of fire hydrants and fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants and fire extinguishers are usually set up near the entrances and exits of each fire partition, near stairwells, etc., to ensure that when a fire occurs, personnel can conveniently use these fire-fighting equipment during the evacuation process.
In actual engineering applications, appropriate adjustments need to be made according to the specific conditions of the building. For example, when there are obstacles in the building, such as large equipment, shelves, etc., which will affect the use of fire hydrants and fire extinguishers, the configuration spacing should be shortened according to the actual situation, or other measures should be taken, such as setting up auxiliary fire-fighting facilities such as fire hose reels, to ensure that fires can be effectively extinguished in the event of a fire. In addition, for some special places, such as underground parking lots, machine rooms, etc., due to their different environmental characteristics and fire hazards, special design and adjustment of the configuration spacing of fire hydrants and fire extinguishers are also required.
The reasonable configuration spacing of indoor hydrants and fire extinguishers needs to comprehensively consider relevant specifications and standards, fire hazard levels, location types, building layouts, and various factors in actual applications. During the design and configuration process, calculations and layouts should be carried out strictly in accordance with the requirements of the specifications, and appropriate adjustments should be made according to the specific circumstances to ensure that these fire-fighting facilities can play the greatest role in the event of a fire, providing strong guarantees for personnel evacuation and fire fighting.
