With the acceleration of urbanization, high-rise buildings have sprung up like mushrooms after rain. Due to the high height and high number of floors of high-rise buildings, higher requirements are placed on the vertical partition water supply method of indoor hydrants. Scientific and reasonable optimization and design of vertical partition water supply methods are the key to ensuring the fire safety of high-rise buildings.
When optimizing the vertical partition water supply design of indoor hydrants in high-rise buildings, the first principle is to ensure fire safety, that is, to ensure that the water pressure and water volume of the fire hydrants in each partition can meet the fire extinguishing demand, and avoid damage and leakage of fire hydrant equipment due to excessive water pressure, or low water pressure affecting the fire extinguishing effect. At the same time, economic efficiency should also be taken into account, and the construction and operation costs can be reduced by reasonably planning the number of partitions and selecting appropriate water supply equipment. For example, when determining the partition plan, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the selection and configuration of equipment such as water pumps and water tanks to avoid excessive redundancy of equipment and waste of resources.
Accurate division of water supply areas is the basis for optimal design. Usually, the zoning is based on the building height and the pressure requirements of the fire hydrant system. Generally, the static pressure of each zone should not exceed 1.2MPa, and the dynamic pressure should not exceed 0.5MPa. For super high-rise buildings, multiple zones can be used, and the low zone, middle zone and high zone can be planned from bottom to top. For example, the lower floors at the bottom of the building are divided into low zones, and water is directly supplied by the municipal pipeline network or pressurized by the low zone fire pump; the middle floors are the middle zones, and secondary pressurized water is supplied by the middle zone fire pump and transfer water tank; the top floors are the high zones, and water is supplied by the high zone fire pump, high-level water tank, etc., so as to ensure that the water pressure of each zone is stable and within a safe range.
There are various ways to supply water to the vertical zones of indoor hydrants in high-rise buildings, and the common ones are series zone water supply, parallel zone water supply and pressure reduction zone water supply. The serial zone water supply method is to connect the water pumps of each zone in series and supply water to the upper zone in turn. This method has low energy consumption, but the maintenance of the water pump is relatively complicated; the parallel zone water supply is to set up independent water pumps and water tanks in each zone, with high water supply reliability, but large equipment investment; the reduced pressure zone water supply is to reduce the water pressure in the high zone through the pressure reducing valve and then supply water to the low zone. The system is relatively simple, but the performance and reliability requirements of the pressure reducing valve are high.
Reasonable pipe network layout can effectively improve water supply efficiency. In the vertical zone water supply system, a ring pipe network layout should be adopted to ensure the reliability and stability of water supply. At the same time, valves should be reasonably set to facilitate the maintenance and repair of the pipe network. When a section of the pipe network fails, the corresponding valve can be closed without affecting the water supply in other areas. In addition, the pipe diameter selection of the pipe network should also be considered. According to the water consumption and water pressure requirements of each zone, the pipe diameter size should be accurately calculated to avoid excessive water flow resistance due to too small pipe diameter, which affects the water supply effect; or too large pipe diameter causes cost waste.
Using intelligent control technology is an important means to optimize the vertical zone water supply method. By installing pressure sensors, flow sensors and other equipment, the pressure and flow of each partition pipe network are monitored in real time, and the data is transmitted to the fire control center. Once an abnormality occurs, the system can automatically adjust the operating status of the water pump, such as starting the backup pump and adjusting the speed of the water pump, to ensure stable water supply. At the same time, the intelligent control system can also remotely monitor the equipment and provide fault warnings, which facilitates maintenance personnel to deal with problems in a timely manner and improve the operating efficiency and reliability of the system.
Fire water tanks and water pumps are the core equipment of the vertical partition water supply system, and the coordination of the two is crucial. High-level fire water tanks should be set at the highest part of the building and meet the water demand of the initial fire in each partition. The selection of water pumps needs to be determined according to parameters such as partition height, flow and head to ensure stable water supply. In addition, a backup pump needs to be set up and switched regularly to ensure that the backup pump can be put into operation in time when the main pump fails to ensure uninterrupted water supply for fire fighting.
The effective implementation of the optimized design plan is inseparable from standardized construction and strict acceptance. During the construction process, it is necessary to strictly follow the design drawings and relevant specifications to ensure that the pipeline connection is firm and the equipment is installed correctly. After the construction is completed, comprehensive commissioning and testing, including water pressure test, flow test, etc., should be carried out to verify whether the system meets the design requirements. Only through strict acceptance can the indoor hydrant vertical partition water supply system of high-rise buildings play its due role in the event of a fire and protect the safety of people's lives and property.
